目錄從來沒去過 英文 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎英文翻譯 很晚的英語 你有沒有去過長城的英文 你的書和我的一樣英語
你曾進見過亮團長城嗎?
Have you ever seen in the Great Wall?
你曾肢鍵橋進見歷猛過長城嗎?
Have you ever seen in the Great Wall?
-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
-No,I have never been there.
語法點：
have/has sb. ever done sth.
the Great Wall長城（固定搭配）
there/here 前不用任何芹檔介詞
希望可以幫嫌核亂氏旁到你！
have you ever been to the great wall ? no i havn't
現(xiàn)在完成時
1.構成
現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。
2.用法
（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just, already, yet 等副詞修飾。常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過搏凱去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常用延續(xù)性動詞，常帶有for和since（自從）等表示一段時間的狀語。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年沒見到她了亮銀亮。
(3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間敬寬狀語。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。
3．結(jié)構
1）陳述句結(jié)構：主語＋have( has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它。have not=haven’t has not= hasn’t.
2) 一般疑問句結(jié)構：Have( Has )＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
3)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。c. 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just（剛剛）, before（以前）, up to now（直到現(xiàn)在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今為止) recently 等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾年他去過那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？
2） 現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：
arrive → be herebegin (start) → be on die →be deadcome back → be back leave → be awayfall ill (sick, asleep) →be ill (sick, asleep) go out→be outfinish →be over put on→wear 或be onget up →beupjoin →be in / be a member of…open→ be open close→be closedgo to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy→havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → studycome to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。或He has been in the army for there years.不可以說He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。（不可以說has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。（不可以說has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以說have begun）我們（開始）學英語已三年了。
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系。試比較：
I have lost my new book.我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）
6.幾點注意事項 （1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to) 表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to) 表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘?三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have beento Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing .他去北京了。 （2）“It is或has been + 一段時間+ since引導的時間狀語從句”表示“某人干某事已經(jīng)多長時間了”。since從句的謂語要用非延續(xù)性動詞 若動詞延續(xù)，則譯成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住這兒已有三年了。（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。（4）.提問for短語或since狀語用how long。
(5).完成時的否定形式與比較級連用表達最高級含義。如：
I have never seen a better film.我從未看過一部更好的電影。（這部最好）
注：否定式與比較級連用表示最高級含義不一定用于完成時態(tài)。如：
--- What about going fishing?--- I can’t agree more.(我再同意不過了哦)
.語法—直接引語變間接引語（多數(shù)情況下變?yōu)橘e語 從句）
(1). 直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that 引導（口語中可以省略引導詞）賓語從句。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語：
a. “I’ll visit my aunt tomorrow.” Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,” It’s important to finish your homework.”
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
“_______________________________________.”they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said’”_______________________________.”
(2). 直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，變?yōu)橛蛇B詞if 或whether引導的賓語從句。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語：
a. “Will you have a surprise party for me?” he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,” Can you help me?” ___________________________c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，”__________________________________?”
(3). 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，疑問詞不變，賓語從句用陳述語序。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語：
a. The teacher asked,” Why are all the windows open?”
______________________________________________.
b. “When will you find out the time?” she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. “What’s the matter with you, Alice?” he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引語如果是肯定型祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，謂語變?yōu)閠ell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語：
a. “Make sure the door is closed，” she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. “Tell me the news, please.” Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
“_______________________________，” he said to me.
(5).直接引語如果是否定型祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，謂語變?yōu)閠ell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語：a. “Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. “Don’t shout at the old man,” I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
“____________________________, “ our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don’t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 條件句在一般將來時的句子里（指主句），時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。當主句含有情態(tài)動詞或主句為祈使句時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑問句
附加疑問句由“陳述句 + 附加疑問句”兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。對附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點： 1）主語只能用人稱代詞；2）附加疑問句的not必須與（be /助/情）縮寫；3）附加疑問句的時態(tài)必須與陳述部分的時態(tài)一致。
Tom is a worker, isn’t Tom? (改錯) _______You can swim, can not you? ( 改錯)______
特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句
1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等時，附加疑問句應使用肯定形式；但如果陳述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前綴構成的派生詞時，該陳述句部分仍做肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2. this/that作主語時，無論是否指人，疑問部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn’t it?Those are books,_______________?
3.陳述部分的主語如果是one, 疑問部分主語用one或he。One can’t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時，附加疑問句的主語應用it；陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時，附加疑問句的主語應用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陳述部分是祈使句時，附加疑問句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let’s…（包括聽者在內(nèi)）, 附加疑問句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括聽者在內(nèi)）， 附加疑問句一般用will you?Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陳述部分是there be結(jié)構時，應用be there?結(jié)構來完成。There’s little water, _________？
7..陳述部分含that引導的賓語從句時，疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句陳述部分是”I / We think (believe, suppose) +賓語從句”時，附加問句應與從句一致。I’m sure + 賓語從句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________?2)We don’t think you are right，________?
3) I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陳述部分是I am… , 附加疑問部分為aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陳述部分含had better, would like時， 疑問部分分別用hadn’t…?和wouldn’t…? You’d better go out ,_______________? You’d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致，疑問部分用否定形式。What a kind girl, isn’t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容詞表示一類人，其附加疑問句主語用復數(shù)代詞。The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…，…and…等連接的并列主語，附加疑問部分用復數(shù)。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?Both Jack and Tom went there, didn’t they?
13.當陳述部分含有have to時，附加疑問部分的助動詞應根據(jù)have 的變化，分別用don’t， doesn’t， didn’t。 He has to take your advice, doesn’t he?
14.當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或詞組時，附加疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.當陳述部分含有wish時，附加疑問部分的助動詞用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 當陳述部分的謂語是“used to+動詞原形（過去常常干某事）”時，疑問部分用“didn’t+主語”或“usedn’t +主語”。He used to live in London, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
完成時
完成時是用來表示動作的完成與未完成的情況. 完成時包括現(xiàn)在完成時, 過去完成時和將來 完成時.
一.現(xiàn)在完成時
1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構成 .
現(xiàn)在完成時的構成形式是"have / has +過去分詞". 現(xiàn)在完成時常被稱為"與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去",因此它不能與明確的過去時間狀語連用. Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗戶打破了. I haven't seen much of her lately. 我最近不常見到她. How long have they been married? 他們結(jié)婚多長時間了?
2.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 .
①表示結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時著眼于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響.這是現(xiàn)在完成時的"已完成"用 法,表示動作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前就已完成,并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系.這種聯(lián)系實際上就是"過 去的動作"對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果. I have bought a pen. 我買了一支筆. (結(jié)果:I have a pen now.) The temperature has increased by 10℃. 溫度上升了 10 攝氏度. (結(jié)果:It is quite hot now.) Air pollution has taken the lives of many people. 空氣污染已經(jīng)奪去了很多人的生命. (結(jié)果:Air pollution is very serious now.)
注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時的上下文所指的時態(tài)必須呼應. 【誤】I have bought a pen but I have lost it now.(have bought 表示你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有筆了, 這和后面的 have lost 有矛盾) 【正】I bought a pen but I have lost it now. 我(過去)買了一支筆,但我已經(jīng)把它丟了. 【誤】I have lost my pen but I ha
ve found it now.(have lost 強調(diào)你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有筆了, 與后面 have found 的意思有沖突) 【正】I lost my pen but I have found it now. 我丟了一支筆,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了.
②表示經(jīng)歷的現(xiàn)在完成時 強調(diào)過去某一時刻到說話時這段時間中的經(jīng)歷. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去過長城嗎? I have visited Beijing at least ten times. 北京我至少訪問過十次了. She has never spent a holiday at the seaside. 她從未到海濱度過假. ③表示延續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時 這是現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成"用法,表示一個動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可 能要繼續(xù)下去. He's loved fishing for a long time. 他愛好釣魚為時已久. (他現(xiàn)在仍愛好釣魚) I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在這兒住了三十多年了. (也許還會繼續(xù)住下去) 注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成"用法既可用于動態(tài)動詞(主要絕晌是持續(xù)動詞) ,也可用于狀態(tài)動詞, 但它一般不適用于表示短暫動作或位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞,如:open, break, go, come, arrive, leave 等.如用這類動詞表手賀示"未完成",通畢宏派常只限于否定結(jié)構.I haven't seen a film for weeks. 我已經(jīng)好幾個星期沒看電影了. She hasn't written to me since September. 自從 9 月份以來她還沒給我寫過信呢.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 .
已完成"用法連用的時間狀語
①與現(xiàn)在完成時"已完成 用法連用的時間狀語 與現(xiàn)在完成時 已完成 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在時間以前的某個未明確指出的過去時間內(nèi), 和它 連用的時間狀語要與現(xiàn)在時間有關,不能是明確地表示過去的時間狀語.
a. 不確定的過去時間狀語:already, yet, before, recently, lately 等 不確定的過去時間狀語: I've seen the film before. 我以前看過這部電影. Have you been there lately? 近來你去過那里嗎?
b. 頻度時間狀語:often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely 等 頻度時間狀語: We have never heard of that. 我們從未聽說過這事. He has sometimes played tennis. 他有時打網(wǎng)球. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. 大本鐘很少出差錯.
c.包含現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語:now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year 等 包含現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語: I have just finished the letter now. 我現(xiàn)在剛寫完信.You have just missed the bus. 你剛好錯過公共汽車. Has he done much work today? 他今天做了很多工作嗎?
比較:already 和 yet 用法上的區(qū)別 already 常用于肯定句,置于句中.yet 常用于否定句和疑問句,置于句末.但 already 有時也可用在疑問句中暗示驚訝的心情. She has already gone. 她早就走了. Have you eaten your dinner already? 你已經(jīng)吃過飯了? He has not come yet. 他還沒有來. 未完成"用法連用的時間狀語
②與現(xiàn)在完成時"未完成 用法連用的時間狀語 與現(xiàn)在完成時 未完成 與"已完成"用法一樣,表示具體的過去的時間狀語不能與"未完成"用法連用.與其連用的 往往是指一段時間的狀語以具體表示某一動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久.
a. since + 具體時間,表示動作或狀態(tài)從何時開始 具體時間, Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 自那以后他養(yǎng)成了另一個壞習慣. He hasn't been home since he graduated. 他畢業(yè)后就沒回過家.
b. for + 一段時間,表示動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久 一段時間, We have worked here for ages. 我們在這里工作很久了. There has been no rain here for nearly two months. 這里已經(jīng)近兩個月沒有下雨了.
c. until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment 到目前為止 I have not seen him so far. 到目前為止我沒見過他. Up to the present, everything has been OK. 到目前為止一切正常.
d. in/during the past/last five years 在剛剛過去的 5 年里 He has been away from school during the last few weeks. 過去的幾個星期里他沒在學校.
In the past few years they have dealt with quite a few international corporations successfully. 在過去的幾年中他們已經(jīng)和好幾家跨國公司做成了生意.
e. all the while, all day 一直,一整天 一直, She has been busy all day. 她忙了一整天.
4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別 .
①兩者都可表示過去發(fā)生過的動作,但前者表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,而后者則 兩者都可表示過去發(fā)生過的動作,但前者表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響, 只是表示過去有這一動作的事實. 只是表示過去有這一動作的事實.
He locked the door. 他鎖過門. (但現(xiàn)在門是開是鎖不清楚. ) He has locked the door. 他把門鎖上了. (現(xiàn)在門是鎖著的. ) Who turned on the light? 誰開的燈?(著眼開燈的動作,不管現(xiàn)在燈是開是關. ) Who has turned on the light? 誰把燈打開了?(著眼開燈的結(jié)果,即現(xiàn)在燈還亮著. )
②兩者都可表示過去開始并延續(xù)了一段時間的動作,現(xiàn)在完成時表示該動作仍在繼續(xù),而 兩者都可表示過去開始并延續(xù)了一段時間的動作,現(xiàn)在完成時表示該動作仍在繼續(xù), 一般過去時則說明該動作現(xiàn)已終止. 一般過去時則說明該動作現(xiàn)已終止.He has lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住了四年了. (現(xiàn)在仍住那兒) He lived in Beijing for four years. 他曾在北京住了四年. (現(xiàn)在不住那兒了)
二.過去完成時
過去完成時的動作須在過去某一時間之前發(fā)生,即發(fā)生在"過去的過去".
1.過去完成時的構成 .
過去完成時是由"had+過去分詞"構成的. Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake. 我很快就意識到我犯了一個嚴重的錯誤. The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He had not flown before. 飛機上坐在我旁邊的人很緊張,他以前從沒乘過飛機. Had he gone home when you arrived? 你到的時候他已經(jīng)回家了嗎?
2.過去完成時的用法 .
已完成"用法
①"已完成 用法 已完成 表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成.句中常用 by 引 導的時間狀語或以 before, until, when, than 等詞引導的內(nèi)含一般過去時的時間狀語從句.By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 到昨天早上 5 點鐘時,我們已經(jīng)做完了那件工作. He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 老師從辦公室回來時,他剛把教室打掃完. They came earlier than we had expected. 他們到得比我們預料的要早. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 我在進大學之前就已學了 5000 個單詞. It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months. 旱了好幾個月之后,昨天下雨了. 注意: 在包含 before 和 after 的復合句中, 因為從句動作和主句動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明 確,可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時. The train (had) started before I reached the station. 在我到達車站之前,列車已經(jīng)開了. After he (had) arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.馬克思到達英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語水平. 未完成"用法 ②"未完成 用法 未完成 表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時刻之前就已開始, 一直持續(xù)到這一過去時間, 還可能再 持續(xù)下去. Up to that time all had gone well. 直到那時一切都很順利. John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. 約翰和簡在結(jié)婚前就認識很長時間了. She said she had made much progress since she came here. 她說自從她到這兒后已取得了很大的進步. 想象性"用法
③"想象性 用法 想象性 過去完成時有時表示一種未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法, 主要用在 if 引導的和過去事實相反的條件 句以及 wish, as if 引導的從句中. If she had worked hard, she would have succeeded. 要是她努力的話,她就會成功了. (事實上她沒努力,也沒成功. ) I wish I had gone with you to the concert. 我要是和你一起去音樂會就好了. The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years. 那兩個陌生人交談起來就像是多年的老朋友. 剛剛……就……"
④表示"剛剛 表示 剛剛 就 過去完成時常用在 hardly/scarcely/barely ... when..., no sooner ... than ... 等結(jié)構中,表 示"剛剛……就……". Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了. 提示:intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think 等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表 示一個本來打算做而未做的事. I had meant to come, but something happened. 我原本打算來的,但有事發(fā)生了. I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我本打算去看你的,但沒能去成. They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他們原想幫忙的,但沒能及時趕到這里.
3.過去完成時與一般過去時的比較 .
一般過去時表示過去時間的動作或狀態(tài). 過去完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在一般過去時 表示的動作或狀態(tài)之前,因此它表示的是"比過去更過去". I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書. He didn't know a thing about the verb, for he had not studied his lessons. 他對動詞一無所知,因為他沒有好好學習功課. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在車站等了 20 分鐘車才來.
三.將來完成時
1.將來完成時的構成 .
將來完成時的構成是由"shall/ will + have +過去分詞"構成的. Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就會全然忘記這件事的. He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他現(xiàn)在是一個有身份的人了,他可能不會記得老同學了. Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下個月你認識凱文該有 10 年了 吧?
2. 將來完成時的用法
①表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作,并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響. 表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作,并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響.
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到這個學期末,我們將學完 12 個單元. By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍. Will you soon have finished laying the table? 你會很快擺放好餐桌嗎? 注意: 在時間狀語從句中,不用將來完成時,要用現(xiàn)在完成時來代替. When I have finished that, I shall have done all I am supposed to do. 等我做完這件事時,我就做完我該做的所有的事了. Please don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 請待車停穩(wěn)了再下車.
②表示推測 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了. I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了這個信息.
四. 完成進行時
完成進行時是完成時和進行時的結(jié)合,包括現(xiàn)在完成進行時和過去完成進行時.
A. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時
1.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構成 . 現(xiàn)在完成進行時是由"have/has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞"構成的. He is ill. He's been lying in bed for three weeks.
他病了,已經(jīng)臥床 3 個星期了. Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 你眼睛紅了.你剛剛哭過了嗎? What have you been doing all this time? 這半天你干什么來著?
2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法 .
①表示動作從過去某時開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 表示動作從過去某時開始, 現(xiàn)在完成進行時常和 all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等狀語以及 since 和 for 引導的狀語連用. I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recen tly. 我最近一直在讀海明威的《永別了,武器》 . She has been reciting the words all the morning. 她整個上午都在背單詞. This is what I have been expecting since my childhood. 這是我從小以來就一直期待著的事情.
②表示動作剛剛結(jié)束 My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain. 我的衣服全濕了,我剛才一直在雨中干活. He is dead drunk. He's been drinking with his friends. 他爛醉如泥,他剛才一直在和朋友們喝酒.
③表示一個近期內(nèi)時斷時續(xù),重復發(fā)生的動作 表示一個近期內(nèi)時斷時續(xù),
You've been saying that for five years. 這話你已經(jīng)說了五年了. He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher. 自從任教以來,他一直在為報刊雜志撰稿.
④表達較重的感情色彩
What have you been doing to my dictionary? 看你把我的字典弄成什么樣子了! Time has been flying so quickly! 時間過得可真快啊! Too much has been happening today. 今天可真是個多事的日子.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較
①現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復,而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示重復性. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復,而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示重復性.
Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他見面嗎? Have you met him recently? 你最近見到過他嗎?
②現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘.
I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你兩個小時. (可能表示不滿) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你兩個小時. (說明一個事實)
③現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作,而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作,而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果.
Who has been eating the oranges? 誰一直在吃這些桔子呀?(還剩余一些) Who has eaten the oranges? 誰把桔子吃光了?(強調(diào)吃得一個不剩)
B. 過去完成進行時
1. 過去完成進行時的構成 過去完成進行時是由"had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞"構成. She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感冒. Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧? Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong. 盡管拉斐爾沒做什么錯事,但他還是挨罵了.
2. 過去完成進行時的用法
①表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作 過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始, 一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間. 和過去完成 時一樣,過去完成進行時也必須以一過去時間為前提. I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著的. They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他們只等了一會兒車就來了.
②表示反復的動作
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字. You had been giving me everything. 你對我真是有求必應.
③過去完成進行時還常用于間接引語中
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么. I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天是待在哪兒的. 突然"之意的
④過去完成進行時之后也可接具有"突然 之意的 when 分句 過去完成進行時之后也可接具有 突然 I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進來了. She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習功課才一會兒,她妹妹就打斷她了.
3.過去完成進行時和過去完成時的比較 . She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了,所以很整潔. (強調(diào)結(jié)果) She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打掃辦公室,所以我們不得不在外面等著. (強調(diào)動作一直在進行)
希望能對你有所幫助,(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
