目錄英美概況知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)pdf 英美概況王恩銘中文版 英美概況英語怎么說 英美概況課英文 新編英美概況為什么是英文
NATO---- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (北大西洋公約組織)
《英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)隨身酷:英美概況》系碰旦列叢書設(shè)計(jì)為小開本口袋書，可隨身攜帶.便于速查、速記，既可作為平時(shí)查閱知識(shí)的手冊(cè)，也可作為考研等考前備考的有效復(fù)習(xí)材料。《英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)隨身酷-一英美概況》是一本關(guān)于英國(guó)、美國(guó)的社會(huì)與文化背景的知識(shí)手冊(cè)，旨在幫助英語專業(yè)學(xué)生與英語自學(xué)者了解英美兩國(guó)的社會(huì)與文化概況，如地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)液吵談、社會(huì)生活與文化傳統(tǒng)鬧碰等方面的基本知識(shí)。本冊(cè)分為兩部分，采取先英后美的順序。美國(guó)的前身是英國(guó)人建立的殖民地，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)150年之久，美國(guó)的價(jià)值觀、政體、法律和主流文化都受英國(guó)很大影響，因此，講述英國(guó)就是直接或間接地為講述美國(guó)社會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。《英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)隨身酷:英美概況》正文結(jié)構(gòu)包括四大版塊。
a survey of the city
每個(gè)學(xué)碼洞英語的人都學(xué)過英美概況.
英美概況就核衫是改模腔譯為: a survey of Britain and America
Lake Districtn. (英國(guó)的)湖泊慎銷罩地區(qū)
.temperate maritime climate 溫和的海洋性氣候
Old English古英語(大約五至十一世紀(jì)的英語,略作 OE,O.E.; cf. Middle English,Modern English)
Church of Englandn. 英國(guó)國(guó)教
NATO['neit?u]abbr. 北大西洋公約組織(=North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Margatet Thatcher 薩切爾夫人(1925-; 英國(guó)政治家; 首相 (1979-) ; 被稱寬鬧為 the Iron Lady (鐵娘子) )
tertiary industries第三產(chǎn)業(yè)
Big four大四星
constitutional monarchy君主立憲政體(亦稱 limited-monarchy)
No.10 Downing Street 唐寧街10號(hào)(英國(guó)政府所在地)
the Privy Council(英)樞密院
the Conservative Party英國(guó)保守黨
Angles,Saxons and Jutes 盎格魯族、薩克遜族和朱特族(在第五、六世紀(jì) 同時(shí)侵入英國(guó)東南部的民族)
Alfred, the Great阿爾弗雷德大帝斗指(849-899; 中世紀(jì)英國(guó)威塞克斯 (Wessex) 王國(guó)的國(guó)王)
Norman Conquestn. [史]諾曼征服(諾曼底人對(duì)英格蘭的軍事征服)
the Great Charter大憲章[英]
All Eastes Parliament 各級(jí)議會(huì)
Hundred Years' War百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(1337-1453年英法兩國(guó)間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),法軍最后獲勝,奪取除加來以外的英國(guó)在法國(guó)境內(nèi)的全部領(lǐng)地)
black death黑死病
On the American National Flag
One of our great symbols is the American flag, 13 red and white 1)stripes 2)corresponding to the number of original states on a 3)rectangular piece of cloth, one corner blue with 50 white stars for 50 states.
You see the flag everywhere now, 4) “what so proudly we hail.” It means the World Trade Center happened to all of us. “We’re proud to be Americans,” say flags on front 5)porches in small towns across the country. Some homes seem to have been built to fly the flag. This wouldn’t be complete without it; just perfect. “We’re American too” say the flags 6)inelegantly glued to the city apartment windows. The declaration of 7)patriotic intent is everywhere, the simplest as 8)persuasive as the displays where one was considered not enough. Rockefeller Center with 150 beauties is in show business, a stirring sight although it’s unlikely that management there loves our country more than the owner of the smallest small business, displaying just one.
The Annin flag company makes most American flags. They have more business than they can do now. You don’t have to go to Annin to buy a flag though. Flag sales are a street corner cottage industry. 9)Furtive operatives set up shop, to them the buck means more than the 10)banner.
The colors of our flag and the numbers of stars and stripes are 11)ordained, but there is no rule regarding dimension. There are tiny flags on sticks made in China. This grand flag is so big on a building in New York that it had to be continued around the corner. This beauty hangs from the side wall of a fire house. And you wouldn’t want a dirty flag so they wash theirs.
Everyone wants to be associated with the flag. America and Yale, America and 12)Episcopalians, America and 13)J.P. Morgan, America and 14)Maxell, America and the Ritz Tower.
There are inevitably people who are more anxious to appear patriotic than to be patriotic. They tread a fine line between patriotism and commerce. The flag is everywhere in close 15)proximity to a business interest. It sells shoes and shoe repair, women’s dresses. The American flag invites 16)diners to foreign restaurants, Japanese, Italian, even Afghan.
There is an official flag code but it is 17)routinely ignored. It is not proper to use the flag as a table cloth. It is not to be used as an 18)awning or a 19)canopy or plastered to the 20)hood of a car. The code says the American flag is not to be used as 21)decorative clothing. Some find it 22)irresistibly 23)fashionable though and we are more amused than they.
This is how the star 24)spangled banner was meant to be flown on the end of a pole of its own, free to wave 25)majestically in our own free air.CE
11、美國(guó)國(guó)旗
美國(guó)的偉大象征之一是國(guó)旗，長(zhǎng)方形布上13道紅白相間的條紋表示美國(guó)原來的州數(shù)，藍(lán)色一角上印著的50顆白星代表50個(gè)州。
現(xiàn)在是四處都能看到國(guó)旗，“是什么讓我們?nèi)绱蓑湴痢！蹦潜硎臼蕾Q(mào)中心事件與每個(gè)美國(guó)人息息相聯(lián)。美國(guó)各小城鎮(zhèn)的前廊懸掛著的國(guó)旗體現(xiàn)出“身為美國(guó)人的驕傲”。有些房子仿佛就是為了掛國(guó)旗而建的。沒有國(guó)旗便不完整；掛上后便完美了。“我們也是美國(guó)人”--這是斜貼在這所市內(nèi)公寓窗外的國(guó)旗傳達(dá)出的信息。處處洋溢著愛國(guó)宣言，從小處看最能讓人信服這一點(diǎn)，比如，有些人認(rèn)為掛一面國(guó)旗還不足夠。洛克菲勒中心高高飄起150面美麗的美國(guó)國(guó)旗，景象令人嘆為觀止，但這并不說明此處的管理者就比只掛出一面國(guó)旗的小商店店主更愛國(guó)。
安寧國(guó)旗公司出產(chǎn)全美大部分的國(guó)旗。現(xiàn)在他們的生意是應(yīng)接不暇。但要買國(guó)旗并不非得到安寧公司。街角也有出售國(guó)旗的攤子。對(duì)于那些偷偷售賣國(guó)旗的街販，錢比國(guó)旗更重要。
美國(guó)國(guó)旗的顏色、星星的數(shù)目、橫條都是規(guī)定好了的，但尺寸大小就沒有限制。有中國(guó)制造的小簽國(guó)旗。紐約一棟大樓外的國(guó)旗巨大得要轉(zhuǎn)彎接著掛起。消防局的墻上掛著一面國(guó)旗。如果不想掛臟國(guó)旗就像他們一樣拿去清洗吧。
人人都想跟國(guó)旗扯上關(guān)系：美國(guó)和耶魯、美國(guó)和圣公會(huì)教徒、美國(guó)和摩根、美國(guó)和萬勝、美國(guó)和麗晶大廈。
難免也有人擺出愛國(guó)姿態(tài)而非真正愛國(guó)。他們?cè)趷蹏?guó)主義和商業(yè)間徘徊。隨處可見對(duì)國(guó)旗感興趣的商家∶賣鞋和修鞋的，女士的裙子。美國(guó)國(guó)旗吸引顧客到外國(guó)餐館用餐-日本餐館、意大利餐館、甚至阿富汗餐館。
政府有國(guó)旗用法的規(guī)定，但常給人們忽視了：國(guó)旗不能拿來當(dāng)餐布，不能做遮篷、檐篷或汽車貼條。美國(guó)國(guó)旗按規(guī)定是不能用來設(shè)計(jì)服裝的--有些人卻覺得難以抵制此誘惑，我們比他們還更樂在其中。
美國(guó)國(guó)旗應(yīng)當(dāng)高掛在旗桿上，自由自在地在美國(guó)領(lǐng)土的上空美麗莊嚴(yán)地飄揚(yáng)。CE
1) stripe [straip] n. 條紋
2) correspond to 等于
3) rectangular [rek5ANgjulE] a. 矩形的
4) “What so proudly we hailed”The Star Spangled Banner”
5) porch [pC:tF] n. 門廊，走廊
6) inelegantly [in5eligEntli] adv. 不優(yōu)美地
7) patriotic [pAntri5Ctik] a. 有愛國(guó)心的
8) persuasive [pE5sweisiv] a. 善說服的
9) furtive [5fE:tiv] a. 偷偷摸摸的
10) banner [5bAnEr] n. 旗幟，橫幅
11) ordained [C:5dein] a. 注定的，規(guī)定的
12) episcopalian [ipiskE5peiliEn] n.美國(guó)圣公會(huì)教徒
13) J.P. Morgan，是在世界上享有盛譽(yù)的一家綜合性金融公司。
14) 美國(guó)Maxell公司是一家生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)錄音和錄象錄制品和輔件的企業(yè)。
15) proximity [prCk5simiti] n. 接近，親近
16) diner [5dainEr] n. 用餐者
17) routinely [ru:5ti:nli] adv. 例行公事地
18) awning [5C:niN] n. 雨篷
19) canopy [5kAnEpi] n. 遮篷
20) hood [hud] n. 車篷
21) decorative [5dekErEtiv] a. 裝飾的
22) irresistibly [7iri5zistEbli] adv. 無法抵抗地
23) fashionable [5fAFnEbEl] a. 流行的，時(shí)髦的
24) spangled [5spANgEl] a. 閃爍的
25) majestically [mE5dVestikli] adv. 莊嚴(yán)地，壯麗地
Americans celebrate the Fourth of July with family gatherings, parades, speeches and fireworks. They also celebrate with patriotic music.The official song of the United States is "The Star-Spangled Banner." Francis Scott Key wrote the words in eighteen-fourteen. At that time, America and Britain were at war. Francis Scott Key watched as British forces attacked Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland. Through the smoke and fire, he could see a huge American flag flying over the army base.
The next morning, after the battle, he looked to see which flag flew over Fort McHenry. It would tell which side had won. Key saw that the American flag still flew. He wrote a poem re-creating the event. Soon after, music was added to his words. The United States Congress made "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national song in nineteen thirty-one.
Americans sing it at the beginning of many public meetings and sports events. Here is America's national song, performed by Faith Hill.
Some people say "The Star-Spangled Banner" is difficult to sing. Others do not like the words. Some people have suggested that the United States change its national song. They say many other songs that celebrate America would be better.
One of these is called "America." It is also known as "My Country 'Tis of Thee." Samuel Smith wrote it in Eighteen-Thirty-Two. The music is the same as the British national song, "God Save the Queen." The Southwestern Christian College Chorus sings "America."
Ray Charles
Some people think "America the Beautiful" is one of the best songs that celebrates America. Katherine Lee Bates wrote the words in eighteen-ninety-three. Samuel Ward wrote the music. Many singers and groups have recorded "America the Beautiful." Ray Charles sings his version.
Many people think "God Bless America" is the best song that celebrates America. Irving Berlin wrote it in nineteen-seventeen. It became popular twenty years later when Kate Smith sang it on a national radio broadcast. Listen now to the young voices of the American Boychoir as they perform "God Bless America."
Other people would like America's national song to be "This Land is Your Land." Woody Guthrie wrote the words in nineteen forty. It became one of the most popular folk songs in America. Pete Seeger and the Weavers sing "This Land is Your Land."
Years ago, Lee Greenwood recorded a song called "God Bless the U.S.A." This song has gained new meaning and popularity since the terrorist attacks on the United States, September eleventh, two thousand one. Listen as Lee Greenwood sings "God Bless the U.S.A."
This program was written by Jerilyn Watson. It was produced by Caty Weaver. Our studio engineer was Keith Holmes. I'm Mary Tillotson.
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program THIS IS AMERICA.
